gr-qc/0009087 [abs, src, ps, other] :

Title: Einstein and the Kaluza-Klein particle Authors: Jeroen van Dongen Comments: 25 pages, 2 figures, To appear in Stud. Hist. Phil. Mod. Phys

In his search for a unified field theory that could undercut quantum mechanics, Einstein considered five dimensional classical Kaluza-Klein theory. He studied this theory most intensively during the years 1938-1943. One of his primary objectives was finding a non-singular particle solution. In the full theory this search got frustrated and in the x^5-independent theory Einstein, together with Pauli, argued it would be impossible to find these structures. (33kb)

Item #1: The only substance mathematically capable of holding and compacting photons, and thus forming matter, is singularity. If there is no singularity present, neither can matter exist. Item #2: The sub-microscopic antipode of the universe, in the heart of particles and the atom is either singular or within "striking distance" of same. Mathematical definition bears this out. Item #3: Why was Einstein looking for a non-singular particle solution …inanyway fact, why, in connection with unified field theory was he looking for a particle at all? (except that he disliked Quantum Mechanics) Item #4: UFT is a search to (elegantly) unify and relate four forces- not search for particles. The idea that particles "carry" forces is popular, but conceptually very suspect.

The concept of forces being fictitious accelerations caused by the deformation of space time at whatever scale is foundational to an understanding and correct conceptualization of UFT. Energy concentrations in proximity to singularity CAUSE the deformations of space time which give rise to our perception of "forces".

I don't know whether Kalusa was advised of Einstein's and Pauli's conclusions and concurred, but I would doubt that he could have conceptually agreed with E and P.

When we look at the world, we look at a geometrically sculptured landscape of varying space-time contours around singularity of varying mass, interlaced with free or semi-free photons. These contours, the "forces" we feel are real, but are accelerations caused by relative proximity to singularity of varying mass in every direction.

The biggest computer I have out here in the Pacific is the one on my desk- and I'm lucky to have that one. Ten years ago we were still communicating with the outside world via ham patch. It is high time (and I believe they are working on this at Cambridge right now) for some of the basic space time scales of the universe, along with energy density parameters at these scales to be loaded into a computer primed with varying dimensional configurations to see which Geometric combination fits our four forces. I'll put my money on a dual 7-D universe with 2x gravity and computed total masses of singularity at the antipodes of the universe figured to equal the mass of the "dark matter".

Einstein never saw the high school physics films "Frames of Reference" and "Scaling Factors". If he had, we would probably already have a UFT. In the film "Frames of reference", two physicists sit at a table on a rotating platform and roll a ball back and forth between them. To them the ball curves, and a "force" must be exerted to keep it "straight". Observed from just one additional dimension, height- above the platform, the ball can be seen to actually move in a straight line. In the film "Scaling Factors" it is shown how time must be scaled with space, and many factors must be adjusted with even a slight change of size and scale in the universe. These changes also affect the perception of "forces" at any given reference frame.

In 4-D everything; space, time and energy (dissipation) seem flat and straight. The only problem of course is that the universe is round. In its endless possibilities, this varying curvature creates the "forces" of the universe we observe. We definitely do not have a cosmic frame of reference!

We all love the Carrousel or Merry-Go- Round. Whether we are 3 or 80, riding one is an interesting experience. In the merry-go-round we have intuitively and instinctively created a 4-D projection of the Geometric Universe! We sit in a fixed frame of reference on our horse or bench and move in a circle, experiencing a panoply of "fictitious" forces. The up and down motion of the horses at right angles to the circular motion of the platform describes the periodic flow of Time, Space and energy which carries us perpetually through eternity. Viewed from any single outside frame of reference, we can only view one half of the Carrousel at one time, and from inside the Merry- Go-Round, the periodic circular motion of the horses through space is observed linear and up and down. The up and down motion of the horses create many other fictitious forces, just as the real world of which we are a part is a multifaceted construct with "forces" galore.

It is no coincidence we feel so at home on the Carrousel! Our universe in 7-D is the same. 5 Spatial dimensions united the first two forces. I would hope someone with a big enough computer and a proper conceptualization of the universe would try uniting 3 forces with six dimensions and all four with 7!

Best Wishes, Sam Cox